Adolescent Parenting Introduction

From parents' perspectives, adolescence could quite possibly be the most nerve-wracking developmental period in their children's lives. It is natural for parents to feel anxious when their teens learn to drive a car; begin to form romantic and sexual relationships; decide to get tattoos and body piercings; and flirt with danger by experimenting with alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. Despite these perils, adolescence is also a period of great pride and satisfaction for parents as they begin to recognize that their years of hard work, commitment, and personal sacrifice have paid off. Their once dependent children gradually become independent and responsible adults. Along the way there are significant landmarks such as their teen getting a first job; choosing a career or trade; moving out to live on their own; and developing a rewarding social network.
The adolescent developmental period is a lengthy period of transition spanning the ages of 12-24 years. During adolescence a m...More
Fast Facts: Learn! Fast!
What are the nutritional requirements in adolescence?
- Despite the abundant supply of food in the United States, most adolescents do not receive adequate nutrition at a time when their bodies' growth and development is accelerating.
- In general, adolescent diets include too much fat, sugar, caffeine, and sodium and not enough nutrient-dense foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables and calcium-rich foods such as dairy products.
- Sedentary 12-year-old males need about 1800 calories each day. This peaks at 2600 calories around age 19-20 years old and then decreases to 2400 calories a day from ages 21 through 24 years.
- Sedentary teen girls around the ages of 12-13 years need about 1600 calories per day, and their daily calorie requirement reaches the highest level around age 19 years at 2000 calories.
- Not only do adolescents need to eat the right amount of food, but they also need to eat foods which contain the right type of nutrients, and in the right proportions.
- There are four key methods parents can use to assist their youth to develop healthy eating habits: 1) provide nutritional information, 2) provide opportunities to practice making healthy choices,3) model healthy eating habits, and 4) ensure the availability of quick, convenient, nutrient-rich snacks.
- Nutritional problems can still arise or worsen during adolescence including problems of overeating and/or consistently making poor food choices, resulting in obesity; developing problems with unhealthy and extremely restrictive dieting without meeting the minimum nutritional requirements necessary for healthy growth and development; and Diabetes.
What are the physical activity requirements in adolescence?
- It is important for adolescents to develop habits that incorporate regular physical activity into their daily lives so that these habits are carried into adulthood.
- It can be difficult for youth to get sufficient exercise due to the increased popularity of sedentary entertainment (television, video games, etc.) and a decrease in physical education opportunities at school.
- Any physical activity that requires the body to move enables youth to reap the health benefits of exercise.
- Many youth enjoy playing organized, competitive sports such as basketball, cheerleading, baseball, gymnastics, football, golf, tennis, soccer, lacrosse, track and field, etc.
- Youth can also receive the benefits of exercise by participating in regular physical activity through informal and unstructured activities, such as gardening, shooting hoops in the driveway, dancing in their bedroom with their friends, riding bicycles around the neighborhood, skateboarding at the skate park, walking the dog after dinner, or hiking on a trail in the woods.
- Parents need to be informed about the training methods used by their children's coaches and trainers, and ensure their teens take certain precautions to prevent sports-related injuries.
- Youth should be spending at least one hour a day, most days of every week, engaged in some form of physical activity.
- The best way parents can encourage their teens' participation in regular physical activity is by modeling this behavior themselves.
- Parents can also help their children by assisting them to find physical activities that match their children's interests and talents.
How important is sleep in adolescence?
- Adolescents need an average 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep every night just to function.
- Teens' bodies' natural sleep rhythms (called circadian rhythms) shift during adolescence causing them to remain alert and awake later in the night, with a corresponding desire to sleep later in the day.
- Parents can help teens to identify and limit caffeinated beverages in the evening.
- Teens should establish regular sleep and wake times that allow for an adequate amount of sleep each night.
- Teens will also benefit from developing and maintaining a consistent bedtime routine.
- Beyond bedtimes and bedtime routines, youth should learn to structure their time so that important activities do not detain them from getting to bed on time.
- It is best to avoid strenuous exercise like running, aerobics, weight lifting, or playing basketball right before bed, as these types of activities will release hormones into the body that cause people to feel more awake and alert.
- Anxiety and worry are great sleep disrupters and prevent youth from feeling sleepy.
- Chronic sleep disturbance (sleeping too much or sleeping too little) can be a symptom of a more serious problem such a depressive disorder, or drug and alcohol use.
What topics might parents and adolescents disagree about or need to discuss?
- During early and middle adolescence (roughly ages 12-17) parents and teens often argue about clothing.
- Parents can use these decisions about clothing purchases as an opportunity for youth to learn valuable lessons about finances and budgets.
- Before youth finish high school, parents need to decide whether they will be providing their youth any financial assistance during their transition to independent living.
- Parents still have an important role regarding their youths' health and hygiene.
- Teens will need to care for their skin in news ways, such as taking precautions to limit acne and other skin blemishes, and to avoid excessive sun exposure and/or other unsafe tanning practices.
- Wearing makeup, dying hair, and getting a tattoo or a body piercing are all ways that youth experiment with enhancing their personal appearances.
What healthcare is important during adolescence?
- Adolescents will need to learn to manage their own healthcare and should be developing a healthy lifestyle that will be maintained throughout their adult lives.
- Parents will want to ensure their youth continue to receive routine, annual physical examinations.
- Annual physicals are the perfect time to make sure that youth are caught up on their vaccinations.
- It's also important that youth also receive routine dental and vision check-ups.
- Annual physical exams should also be screening adolescents for behavioral health concerns such as depression; anxiety; or possible problems with tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
- Parents have an important role in identifying the early warning signs of a behavioral or emotional problem because they regularly observe their teens' behavioral and emotional patterns.
- Parents should be on the look-out for possible warning signs that their child may be at risk for suicide.
- All adolescents who are sexually active should get regularly tested for sexually transmitted infections including but not limited to HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and Hepatitis B.
- They key to empowering youth to independently manage their own healthcare is to gradually give youth more and more control over their healthcare, while teaching them the skills they need for self-care.
What discipline, love and guidance is necessary during adolescence?
- One of the difficulties of raising teenage children is achieving the right balance between love and discipline; liberties and limitations; and, independence and responsibility.
- Parents should help children to become resilient, which means that they have the ability to "bounce back" or to readily recover from painful, stressful, and difficult experiences.
- One thing parents can do to build resilience is to provide the proper amount of support and guidance.
- When parents are overly protective to the point of being smothering, or provide too much direction without letting youth work out some problems on their own, they rob youth of the opportunity to develop and practice independent problem-solving skills.
- Youth should have an understanding of what privileges are available to them for following the rules and meeting expectations, and what consequences will occur when they fail to follow the rules, or make poor choices.
- Parents can begin to help adolescents develop time management skills by having high (but attainable) expectations for school achievement, household chores, and other important activities.
- Family rules should also establish clear expectations about the responsibilities of family members toward each other.
- If parents become aware of activities or rules at another child\'s home that they do not agree with, they should calmly discuss their concerns with the parents of the other child.
- Parents need to express clear rules and expectations around teen substance use.
- By late adolescence (18 years of age and older), parents need to set clear boundaries about any assistance they will (or won't) provide while their children are becoming independent adults.
How can parents protect an adolescent's health and safety?
- Parents must be fully aware of the risks and dangers associated with tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
- While parents cannot completely prevent their children's eventual exposure to alcohol and other drugs, there are steps parents can take to reduce the potential risks.
- Parents will want to ensure their youth learn to drive safely and always use good judgment when operating a motor vehicle.
- There are several warning signs parents should pay attention to that could indicate that their adolescent may be a victim of dating violence.
- If parents are concerned about their teens' involvement with fighting or gang activity, they can do several things.
- Teens can encounter all types of violence online, including violent videos, hate messages on blogs and in chat rooms, and violent computer games. Youth who are curious about sex can find plenty of pornography on the Internet, some of which depicts sexual acts coupled with violence.
- Bullying is the repeated abuse, hostility, aggression, manipulation, or violence between two youth where one youth possesses greater power than the other.
- Parents can ensure their children's continued safety by providing education about making their new dorm, apartment, or home the safest it can be.
- Youth also need to make sure they know how to protect themselves while they are traveling in public places.
News Articles
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Resources
Articles
- Adolescent Parenting Introduction
- Healthy Teens: Food, Eating & Nutrition During Adolescence
- Teenage Caloric Requirements
- Nutritional Guidelines for Teens
- How Can Parents Help Teens to Develop Healthy Eating Habits?
- Common Nutritional Challenges for Teenagers: Adolescent Obesity
- Common Nutritional Challenges for Teenagers: Eating Disorders and Unhealthy Dieting
- Common Nutritional Challenges for Teenagers: Adolescent Diabetes
- Adolescent Diabetes Continued
- Healthy Teens: Exercise and Sports
- Healthy Teens: Sleep
- Parenting Teens: Clothing Clashes, Housing Decisions, & Financial Management
- Parenting Teens: Skincare, Cosmetics, Tattoos, & Piercings
- Caring for Teens: Healthcare for Teens and Young Adults
- Parenting Teens: Discipline, Love, Rules & Expectations
- Parenting Teens: Discipline, Love, Rules & Expectations
- Discipline and Guidance: Early to Middle Adolescence
- Discipline and Guidance: Early to Middle Adolescence: Time Management and Family Commitments
- Discipline and Guidance: Early to Middle Adolescence: Socializing, Dating and Driving
- Discipline and Guidance: Older Adolescents and Young Adults (18 Years and Older)
- A Parent’s Guide to Protecting Teens’ Health and Safety
- A Parent's Guide to Protecting Teens' Health & Safety
- Understanding the Risks of Adolescent Drug Use: Part II
- What Can Parents Do to Prevent Teenage Alcohol and Drug Use?
- Steps Parents Can Take to Protect Their Children from Alcohol and Other Drug Use
- Steps for Parents: Part II
- Driving Privileges and Safe Driving Practices for Young Drivers
- Parental Guidelines for Teen Driving Privileges: The Family Driving Contract
- Protecting Teens from Abusive Relationships and Dating Violence
- Protecting Teens from Teenage Fights, Gang Violence, Exposure to Sexual Predators and Graphic Internet Violence
- Protecting Teens from Teenage Bullying
- Protecting Adolescent Safety: Independent Living
- Personal Security While in Public Places
- Adolescent Parenting Summary & Conclusion
- Adolescent Parenting: References & Resources
News
- Could Air Pollution Help Trigger Depression in Teens?
- Some Teens Are Overdosing With Meds Prescribed for ADHD, Anxiety
- More Teens with Eating Disorders Wound up in ER During Pandemic
- Weight-Loss Surgery Restores Testosterone Levels for Obese Teen Boys
- Opioid Overdose Antidote Urged for Schools After Student's Fentanyl Death
- U.S. Teens Were Already in Mental Health Crisis Before Pandemic Hit
- Worried About Your Teen's Social Media Use? Experts Offer Help
- Weak Action on Climate Change Is Stressing Young People Worldwide
- Parents Underestimate How Much Time Teens Spent Online During Pandemic
- Teens With Autism and Driving: Often a Tough Discussion
- 29 more
- Pandemic Saw Big Declines in Kids' Use of Drugs, Alcohol, Vaping
- Pandemic Brought Big Rise in New Cases of Anorexia
- 1 in 3 College Freshmen Has Depression, Anxiety
- HPV Vaccination Rises in States That Don't Require Parental Consent
- Discrimination Takes Toll on Mental Health of Young Adults
- U.S. Adolescents' Daily Screen Time Doubled During Pandemic
- Stimulants Like Ritalin May Be Gateway Drugs for College Students
- Picky Eating, Social Phobia Often Linked in College Students
- LGBQ Teens More Likely to Contemplate Suicide at Younger Age
- Teens Who Use Pot, E-Cigs and Cigarettes Are in Triple Danger
- Tips to Helping Your Teen Get Enough Zzzzzs
- Pandemic Had Many Young Athletes Reconsidering Their Sport
- One Benefit of Online Learning: Better Sleep for Kids
- College Is Even More Stressful for Girls: Study
- Parents, Look Out for Mental Health Issues as College Kids Return to Class
- No Change in Overall Rate of Alcohol, Drug Use Among Adolescents During Pandemic
- College Freshmen Drank Less as Pandemic Began
- Pandemic Has Depression, Anxiety Rates Among Youth Climbing Worldwide
- Who's Most Likely to Get Bullied at School?
- School-Based Mindfulness Program Gives Big Boost to Young Kids' Sleep
- 1 in 20 College Students Has 'Internet Gaming Disorder,' Study Finds
- Sleep Apnea in Childhood a Bad Sign for Teenage Heart Health
- No Drop in Teens' Use of Pot, Binge Drinking Despite Pandemic Lockdowns
- Pot Use May Change the Teenage Brain, MRIs Show
- Teasing People About Weight Can Help Bring on Eating Disorders
- Gun Suicides Are Rising Steeply Among American Youth
- Big Rise in Suicide Attempts by U.S. Teen Girls During Pandemic
- Diet Pill Use Could Be a Step Away From Eating Disorder
- Health Tip: Talk to Your Kids About Alcohol
Questions and Answers
Book & Media Reviews
Links
Videos
- Feeling down? Let's talk - Prevention of suicide among adolescents
- Teen Drug Use: 2014 Monitoring The Future Survey Results
- NPW 2017: Suicide and Substance Use in Young People
- Are We Feeding Early Puberty
- Why Teens Are Attracted to Vaping
- Is My High School Student Ready for College? (And Is My College Student Ready to Go Back?)
- Advice to Parents | Drugs & College 101
- Teen Depression Screening
- Let’s talk about depression – focus on adolescents and young adults
- The Flu Shot- Who Really Gets It
- 45 more
- Child Development: Stepping Stones - Lesson 21: Adolescence: Biosocial Development
- Child Development: Stepping Stones - Lesson 22: Adolescence: Cognitive Development
- Child Development: Stepping Stones - Lesson 24: Adolescence: Summary
- Are Your Kids Addicted to Social Media?
- Is My Child Too Young to Get the HPV Vaccine?
- Do Boys Need the HPV Vaccine?
- The Perils of Adolescence
- Tackling Concussions
- Adolescent Risk-Takers: The Power of Peers
- Energy Drink Sparking More ER Visits
- Children and Social Media: What Every Parent Should Know
- Drugs: Shatter The Myths
- The Impact of Changing Social Behaviors on Teen Drug Use
- Teen Substance Use
- Youth Suicide Risk
- Take Healthy Habits to College
- What Boys Want to Know About Puberty
- Am I Normal (Girls and Puberty)
- Money Tips for Millennials
- E-Cigarette Use in Middle and High School Students
- Teens Using E-cigarettes More Likely to Start Smoking Tobacco
- Tips For Teens With Diabetes: Be Active
- Help Teens Lower Their Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
- Adolescence: Preparing for Lifelong Health and Wellness
- Back to School: A Good Night's Sleep
- How to Talk to Teens: A Developmental Approach
- Bedtime Wake Up Call
- Game Change! Focus on Families - Engaging Young Adults and Their Families
- Endocrine System
- Behavioral Health on College Campuses
- Notebook: Sexual Harassment
- Flu Shots: Young Adults Need Immunity
- Most Teens Need a Rest
- Screen Time vs. Bedtime
- What is Puberty? Decoding Puberty in Girls
- All About Boys Puberty
- Inside Puberty: What Are the Stages of Puberty?
- Puberty Explained - What Is Happening To Your Body?
- Another Reason for Teens to Eat Their Vegetables
- Dangers of E-Cigarettes
- HPV Vaccine: A Pediatrician’s Recommendation
- Healthy Weight
- Getting through to your teenager with ADHD
- Back-to-School: A Time to Think about Health & Academics
- Impact of Cyberbullying: Addressing the Needs of Children and Youth
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Child & Adolescent Development: Overview
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Child Development & Parenting: Infants (0-2)
Child Development & Parenting: Middle (8-11)
Child Development & Parenting:Adolescence (12-24)
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